Sensory processing is the way our brains interpret and respond to the information we receive from our senses. For most people, this process happens automatically and without much thought. However, for children with sensory processing difficulties, this process can be overwhelming and challenging.

In this article, we will explore the concept of sensory processing and how it affects children with sensory processing difficulties. We will also discuss the signs and symptoms of sensory processing disorder and provide resources for parents and caregivers to better understand and support children with sensory processing difficulties.

What is Sensory Processing?

Sensory processing is the way our brains take in, organize, and respond to information from our senses. Our senses include sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. These senses work together to help us understand and interact with the world around us.

For most people, sensory processing happens automatically and without much thought. However, for children with sensory processing difficulties, this process can be challenging and overwhelming. They may have trouble filtering out irrelevant information, or they may have a heightened response to certain sensory stimuli.

The Three Types of Sensory Processing

There are three types of sensory processing: sensory modulation, sensory discrimination, and sensory-based motor disorders.

Sensory Modulation: This refers to how we regulate and respond to sensory input. Children with sensory modulation difficulties may have a hard time filtering out irrelevant information or may have a heightened response to certain sensory stimuli.

Sensory Discrimination: This refers to how we interpret and make sense of sensory information. Children with sensory discrimination difficulties may have trouble distinguishing between different types of sensory input or may have difficulty understanding the meaning of certain sensory stimuli.

Sensory-Based Motor Disorders: This refers to how we use sensory information to plan and execute movements. Children with sensory-based motor disorders may have difficulty with coordination, balance, and motor planning.

What is Sensory Processing Disorder?

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is a condition where the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information from the senses. This can result in a range of symptoms and behaviours that can affect a child’s daily life.

SPD is not recognized as a standalone disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, it is often seen in children with other developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disabilities.

Signs and Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder

The signs and symptoms of SPD can vary from child to child, and they may change over time. Some common signs and symptoms include:

• Over or under sensitivity to certain sensory stimuli (e.g., loud noises, bright lights, certain textures).
• Difficulty with transitions and changes in routine.
• Difficulty with fine and gross motor skills.
• Difficulty with social interactions and communication.
• Difficulty with self-regulation and emotional control.
• Difficulty with attention and focus.
• Difficulty with sleep and eating patterns.
• Difficulty with self-care tasks (e.g., dressing, grooming).

It’s important to note that not all children with sensory processing difficulties will have SPD. However, if you notice that your child is struggling with several of these symptoms, it may be worth discussing with their paediatrician or seeking an evaluation from an occupational therapist.

How to Support Children with Sensory Processing Difficulties

If your child has sensory processing difficulties, there are several ways you can support them at home and in their daily life.

Create a Sensory-Friendly Environment

Creating a sensory-friendly environment can help children with sensory processing difficulties feel more comfortable and regulated. This can include:

• Providing a quiet and calm space for your child to retreat to when they feel overwhelmed.
• Using soft lighting and avoiding harsh or flickering lights.
• Using noise-cancelling headphones or white noise machines to block out loud or unexpected noises.
• Using weighted blankets or compression clothing to provide deep pressure and help with self-regulation.

Use Sensory Tools and Activities

There are many sensory tools and activities that can help children with sensory processing difficulties. These can include:

• Fidget toys, such as stress balls or squishy toys, to help with self-regulation and attention.
• Sensory bins or sensory tables filled with different textures, such as rice, beans, or water, to help with sensory exploration and play.
• Swings, trampolines, and other gross motor activities to help with sensory-based motor disorders.
• Art and craft activities that involve different textures and materials, such as finger painting or playdough.

Educate Yourself and Others

Educating yourself and others about sensory processing difficulties can help create a more supportive and understanding environment for your child. There are many books and resources available that can help you better understand sensory processing and how to support children with sensory processing difficulties.

Some recommended books include:

• “The Out-of-Sync Child” by Carol Kranowitz.
• “Sensational Kids” by Lucy Jane Miller.
• “Raising a Sensory Smart Child” by Lindsey Biel and Nancy Peske.

Sensory Processing Disorder Quiz for Toddlers

If you suspect that your toddler may have sensory processing difficulties, you can take a sensory processing disorder quiz for toddlers to get a better understanding of their sensory needs. This quiz can help you identify areas where your child may be struggling and provide guidance on how to support them.

1. Does your toddler have difficulty with transitions and changes in routine?
2. Does your toddler have a hard time sitting still or staying focused?
3. Does your toddler have a heightened response to certain sensory stimuli, such as loud noises or bright lights?
4. Does your toddler have difficulty with fine motor skills, such as holding a pencil or using utensils?
5. Does your toddler have difficulty with gross motor skills, such as climbing or jumping?
6. Does your toddler have difficulty with social interactions and communication?
7. Does your toddler have difficulty with self-regulation and emotional control?
8. Does your toddler have difficulty with sleep and eating patterns?
9. Does your toddler have difficulty with self-care tasks, such as dressing or grooming?
10. Does your toddler have difficulty with sensory exploration and play?

If you answered “yes” to several of these questions, it may be worth discussing with your child’s paediatrician or seeking an evaluation from an occupational therapist.

Conclusion

Sensory processing is an essential part of our daily lives, and for children with sensory processing difficulties, it can be a significant challenge. By understanding sensory processing and how it affects children with sensory processing difficulties, we can better support and advocate for them. With the right tools, resources, and support, children with sensory processing difficulties can thrive and reach their full potential.